01 - Place fish fillets in a shallow dish. Drizzle with lemon juice, 1 tsp salt, and ½ tsp pepper. Let marinate for 10 minutes.
02 - In a small bowl, combine 2 tbsp olive oil, 2 minced garlic cloves, 1 tsp cumin, 1 tsp paprika, ½ tsp turmeric, 1 tbsp cilantro, and 1 tbsp parsley. Rub mixture onto both sides of fish fillets.
03 - Heat 2 tbsp olive oil in a large deep skillet or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add onion and sauté 4–5 minutes until soft. Add red bell pepper and cook 3 minutes.
04 - Stir in 3 minced garlic cloves, 1½ tsp cumin, 1 tsp paprika, ½ tsp coriander, and ¼ tsp cayenne. Fry 1 minute until fragrant.
05 - Pour in crushed tomatoes, tomato paste, ⅔ cup water, sugar, salt, pepper, and bay leaf. Bring to simmer and cook uncovered 10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened.
06 - Gently nestle marinated fish fillets into sauce. Spoon sauce over top of fish.
07 - Cover and simmer on low heat 12–15 minutes until fish is just cooked through and flakes easily.
08 - Remove bay leaf. Sprinkle with fresh cilantro and parsley before serving.